San Diego

San Diego (SAN dee-AY-goh, Spanish: [san djeo]; Spanish for 'Saint Didacus') is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast of Southern California. With a 2020 population of 1,386,932, it is the eighth most populous city in the United States. San Diego is the economic center of the San DiegoTijuana conurbation, the second most populous transborder metropolitan area in the Western Hemisphere. The primary border crossing between San Diego and Tijuana, the San Ysidro Port of Entry, is the busiest international land border crossing in the world outside of Asia. The city is known for its mild year-round climate, natural deep-water harbor, extensive beaches and parks, and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology development center. The first European to visit the region was explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, sailing under the flag of Castile but possibly born in Portugal. The Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly declared Mexican Empire, which reformed as the First Mexican Republic two years later. California was admitted to the union as a state in 1850 and became the state of California in 1848 following the MexicanAmerican War. The original inhabitants of the region are now known as the San Dieguito and La Jolla people. The Kumeyaay people migrated into the area of San Diego around 1000 CE.

History

San Diego is the primary city name, but also Nas N Island, Nas North Island are acceptable city names or spellings. The official name is City of San Diego. The original inhabitants of the region are now known as the San Dieguito and La Jolla people. The first European to visit the region was explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, sailing under the flag of Castile but possibly born in Portugal. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent to map the California coast. The permanent European colonization of both California and San Diego began in 1769 with the arrival of four contingents of Spaniards from New Spain and the Baja California peninsula. In July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Serra. The mission became a site for a Kumeyaay revolt in 1775, which forced the mission to relocate six miles (10 km) up the San Diego River. By 1797, the mission boasted the largest native population in Alta California, with over 1,400 neophytes living in and around the mission proper. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1834, and most of the Mission lands were granted to former soldiers. By 1838, San Diego had been losing population throughout 1830, and in 1838 the town lost its pueblo status because its size dropped to an estimated 100 to 150 residents. Between the late 1830s and the 1840s, the town would face raids in the North-Western Coast of America, often officially forbidden to foreigners. San Diego was a major port and the only one with an adequate harbor.

Geography

The city lies on approximately 200 deep canyons and hills separating its mesas. The San Diego River runs through the middle of San Diego from east to west, creating a river valley that serves to divide the city into northern and southern segments. Cowles Mountain, the highest point in the city limits, is at 1,591 feet (485 m) The city was originally centered on the Old Town district, but by the late 1860s the focus had shifted to the bayfront, in the belief that this new location would increase trade. As the city developed, it eclipsed Old Town as the center of development. The Trust for Public Land reported that San Diego had the 9th-best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities. The city recognizes 52 individual areas as Community Planning Areas. Within a given planning area there may be several distinct neighborhoods. Altogether the city contains more than 100 identified neighborhoods. For the most part, San Diego boundaries tend to be understood by residents based on geographical boundaries like canyon and street patterns. A narrow strip of land at the bottom of SanDiego Bay connects the southern part of the city with the rest of the country. The Rose Canyon and Point Loma fault zones are part of. the San Andreas Fault system. About 40 miles (64 km) east of the bay are the Laguna Mountains in the Peninsular Ranges, which are part. of the backbone of the American continents. The Cleveland National Forest is a half-hour drive from downtown San Diego. Several reservoirs and Mission Trails Regional Park also lie between and separate developed areas.

Demographics

The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km²) The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state. As of January 2019, the San Diego City and County had the fifth-largest homeless population among major cities in the United States, with 8,102 people experiencing homelessness. According to Forbes in 2005, San Diego was the fifth wealthiest U.S. city, but about 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 7.6. The median income for a household in the city was $45,733 in 2000, and the medianincome for a family was $53,060 in 2010. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.30. San Diego has the seventh-highest population of gay residents in the country, according to a study by the Pew Research Center. The city was named the ninth-most LGBT-friendly city in the nation in 2013, and one of the top universities in the U.N.’s Center for American Progress’ “State of the Union’’ report. The San Diego State University (SDSU) is one of only three colleges in the world with a top-five ranking in the study.

Economy

The largest sectors of San Diego's economy are defense/military, tourism, international trade, and research/manufacturing. San Diego recorded a median household income of $79,646 in 2018, an increase of 3.89% from $76,662 in 2017. The median property value in San Diego in 2018 was $654,700, and the average home has two cars per household. In 2014, San Diego was designated by a Forbes columnist as the best city in the country to launch a small business or startup company.San Diego hosts the largest naval fleet in the world: in 2008 it was home to 53 ships, over 120 tenant commands, and more than 35,000 sailors, marines, Department of Defense civilian employees and contractors. The city is authorized by the United States government to operate as a Foreign Trade Zone, and its commercial port and location on the U.S.Mexico border make international trade an important factor in the city's economy. In 2009 San Diego handled 1,137,054 short tons of total foreign trade; domestic trade accounted for 9,637 short tons, while domestic trade amounted to 180,417 short tons. The port is home to the only major submarine and shipbuilding yards on the West Coast. Several major national defense contractors were started and are headquartered in SanDiego, including General Atomics, Cubic, and NASSCO. The local craft brewing industry attracts an increasing number of visitors for "beer tours" and the annual San Diego Beer Week in November; San Diego has been called "America's Craft Beer Capital".

Government

The city is governed by a mayor and a nine-member city council. The mayor is in effect the chief executive officer of the city, while the council is the legislative body. Elections are held on a non-partisan basis per California state law; nevertheless, most officeholders do identify themselves as either Democrats or Republicans. San Diego is a sanctuary city, however, San Diego County is a participant of the Secure Communities program. As of 2011, the city had one employee for every 137 residents, with a payroll greater than $733 million. Public schools within the city are managed and funded by independent school districts (see below). State and federal representation includes the California State Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives. The current mayor, Todd Gloria, is a member of the Democratic Party.San Diego was the site of the 1912 San Diego free speech fight, in which the city restricted speech, vigilantes brutalized and tortured anarchists. In 1916, rainmaker Charles Hatfield was blamed for causing San Diego's worst flood, during which about 20 Japanese American farmers died. In 2006, Congressman Randy "Duke" Cunningham resigned after being convicted on federal bribery charges. He had represented California's 50th congressional district, which includes much of the northern portion of San Diego. In 2005, two city council members, Ralph Zunza and Michael Zuccunza, were sentenced to 100-month prison sentences. In 2010, Mayor Todd Gloria was sentenced to two years in prison for corruption.

Education

Public schools in San Diego are operated by independent school districts. The majority of the public schools in the city are served by the San Diego Unified School District. According to education rankings released by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2017, 44.4% of San Diegans (city, not county) ages 25 and older hold bachelor's degrees, compared to 30.9% in the United States as a whole. The city-run San Diego Public Library system is headquartered downtown and has 36 branches throughout the city. The largest university in the area is the University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego). The city has one medical school, the UC San Diego School of Medicine. There is also one law school, Western Sierra Law School, not accredited by the ABA. In 2006 the city increased spending on libraries by $2.1 million. A new nine-story Central Library on Park Boulevard at J Street opened on September 30, 2013. In addition to the municipal public library system, there are nearly two dozen libraries open to the public run by other governmental agencies, and by schools, colleges, and universities. For-profit institutions include Alliant International University (AIU) and California International Business University (CIBU), California College San Diego, Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising's San Diego campus, NewSchool of Architecture and Design, Platt College, Southern States University (SSU), UEI College, and Woodbury University School of Architecture's satellite campus.

Culture

The San Diego Symphony at Symphony Towers performs on a regular basis. The Old Globe Theatre at Balboa Park produces about 15 plays and musicals annually. The Joan B. Kroc Theatre at Kroc Center's Performing Arts Center is a 600-seat state-of-the-art theatre that hosts music, dance, and theatre performances. Hundreds of movies and a dozen TV shows have been filmed in San Diego, a tradition going back as far as 1898. The Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (MCASD) is located in La Jolla and has a branch located at the Santa Fe Depot downtown. The Columbia district downtown is home to historic ship exhibits belonging to the San Diego Maritime Museum, headlined by the Star of India, as well as the unrelated San Diego Aircraft Carrier Museum featuring the USS Midway aircraft carrier. The San Diego Repertory Theatre at the Lyceum Theatres in Westfield Horton Plaza produces a variety of plays and Musicals. The City of San Diego is the home of the National Museum of Natural History and Culture, which is located at San Diego City College. The city is also home to the Museum of Photographic Arts, the Museum. of Us, and the San. Diego Air & Space Museum, which are all located in Balboa park. The University of California, San Diego has one of the largest concentration of museums in the United States, with more than 1,000 exhibits. The museum is located on the edge of the city and is open to the public.

Sports

San Diego is home to one major professional sports team, Major League Baseball (MLB)'s San Diego Padres. The region is also home to several other highest-level professional teams, minor league teams, semi-pro and amateur teams, and college athletics teams. The San Diego Yacht Club hosted the America's Cup yacht races three times during the period 1988 to 1995. The annual Farmers Insurance Open golf tournament occurs at Torrey Pines Golf Course. Soccer, American football, and track and field are also played in Balboa Stadium, the city's first stadium, which was constructed in 1914. The amateur beach sport Over-the-line was invented in San Diego, and the annual world Over- the-line championships are held at Mission Bay every year. San Diego State Aztecs (MW), the San Diego Toreros (WCC), and the UCSan Diego Tritons (BWC) are NCAA Division I teams. Cal State San Marcos Cougars (CCAA) and Point Loma Sea Lions (PacWest) are members of NCAA Division II. The San Diego Christian Hawks (GSAC) and Saint Katherine Firebirds (CalPac) areMembers of the NAIA. The U.S. Open Golf Championship was also the site of the 2008 U. s. Open Championship. The NFL's Chargers and the NBA's Rockets and Clippers relocated from the region due to a combination of ownership and stadium/arena issues. The city has hosted numerous other major sports events.

Air Quality, Water Quality, Superfund Sites & UV Index

The Air Quality index is in San Diego, San Diego County, California = 5.2. These Air Quality index is based on annual reports from the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The number of ozone alert days is used as an indicator of air quality, as are the amounts of seven pollutants including particulates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, lead, and volatile organic chemicals. The Water Quality Index is 74. A measure of the quality of an area’s water supply as rated by the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The EPA has a complex method of measuring the watershed quality, using 15 indicators such as pollutants, turbidity, sediments, and toxic discharges. The Superfund Sites Index is 70. Higher is better (100=best). Based upon the number and impact of EPA Superfund pollution sites in the county, including spending on the cleanup efforts. The UV Index in San Diego = 5.9 and is a measure of an area's exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays. This is most often a combination of sunny weather, altitude, and latitude. The UV Index has been defined by the WHO (www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-the-ultraviolet-(uv)-index) and is uniform worldwide.

Employed

The most recent city population of 1,386,932 individuals with a median age of 34.5 age the population grows by 6.86% in San Diego, San Diego County, California population since 2000 and are distributed over a density of 4,255.96 residents per square mile of area (1,643.25/km²). There are average 2.61 people per household in the 483,267 households with an average household income of $61,498 a year. The unemployment rate in Alabama is 10.50% of the available work force and has dropped -5.41% over the most recent 12-month period and the projected change in job supply over the next decade based on migration patterns, economic growth, and other factors will increase by 18.68%. The number of physicians in San Diego per 100,000 population = 243.9.

Weather

The annual rainfall in San Diego = 10.2 inches and the annual snowfall = 0 inches. The annual number of days with measurable precipitation (over .01 inch) = 42. The average number of days per year that are predominantly sunny = 266. 75 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily high temperature for the month of July and 48 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily low temperature for the month of January. The Comfort Index (higher=better) is 45, where higher values mean a more pleasant climate. The Comfort Index measure recognizes that humidity by itself isn't the problem. (Have you noticed nobody ever complains about the weather being 'cold and humid?) It's in the summertime that we notice the humidity the most, when it's hot and muggy. Our Comfort Index uses a combination of afternoon summer temperature and humidity to closely predict the effect that the humidity will have on people.

Median Home Cost

The percentage of housing units in San Diego, San Diego County, California which are owned by the occupant = 47.26%. A housing unit is a house, apartment, mobile home, or room occupied as separate living quarters. The average age of homes = 33 years with median home cost = $337,190 and home appreciation of -9.42%. This is the value of the years most recent home sales data. Its important to note that this is not the average (or arithmetic mean). The median home price is the middle value when you arrange all the sales prices of homes from lowest to highest. This is a better indicator than the average, because the median is not changed as much by a few unusually high or low values. The property tax rate of $7.35 shown here is the rate per $1,000 of home value. If for simplification for example the tax rate is $14.00 and the home value is $250,000, the property tax would be $14.00 x ($250,000/1000), or $3500. This is the 'effective' tax rate.

Study

The local school district spends $5,433 per student. There are 19.7 students for each teacher in the school, 5720 students for each Librarian and 732 students for each Counselor. 7.54% of the area’s population over the age of 25 with an Associate Degree or other 2-year college degree, 22.32% with a master’s degree, Ph.D. or other advanced college degree and 13.52% with high school diplomas or high school equivalency degrees (GEDs).